The Influence of Geography and Social Networks on Gang...

Gang violence is becoming a known threat in our country. Gang violence is defined as a group of people by repetitive socializing individuals or close friends with recognizable influence and inner coordination. These gangs will claim full control over a region in a community, town, or specific area which will lead to the involvement of violent crimes and unlawful behavior as a group or even by oneself. Since these gangs are increasing in size in communities, citizens of certain areas are beginning to move out or avoid going to these locations in order to avoid becoming the next victim to one of the community gangs waiting to engage in their next deviant act. These specific areas are located in communities that are at a poverty level,†¦show more content†¦This type of research fits into a larger understanding of the study of how deviance and social control are related to the size of the gang. The number of gang members can create a form of social control in a specific loc ation due to the population that resides in that area. If a gang outweighs the number of residents in that corporate limit, then that type of environment will eventually be labeled as deviant or the residents will have two options to maintain protected: move out of that site or join the gang in their violent actions. The study of deviance and social control is also stereotyped with what the average American perceives the typical gang member to look like, which is African Americans or Latinos that only interact with or violate social norms within their same ethnic group. We have distinguished that gang members do not associate only with those of their race, but also with those gangs which are similar to them in number of members, number of crimes committed given a certain time frame, and types of crimes that are committed over all; also known as that type of gang’s â€Å"speciality†. The Influence of Geography and Social Networks on Gang Violence clarifies that the dat a comes together and binds the relationship of gang member race and affiliation which discusses, â€Å"Racial clustering suggests thatShow MoreRelatedViolence Is An Everyday Act That We Have Seen In Society,1588 Words   |  7 PagesViolence is an everyday act that we have seen in society, and in result has become a problem. Gang violence, on the other hand, has been a social problem of violence for decades in the United States. In particular, it has been a serious problem in California that is has been known to be the â€Å"gang capital† in the United States, and a problem in a local scale. According to â€Å"FBI.org† , there are over 33,000 violent street gangs, motorcycle gangs, and prison gangs(FBI, 2015). Consequently, this bringsRead MoreGang Involvement : Membership, Violence, Crime And Juvenile Delinquency3474 Words   |  14 PagesRunning head: GANGS: MEMBERSHIP, VIOLENCE/CRIME AND JUVENILE DELINQUENCY Gangs: Membership, Violence, Crime and Juvenile Delinquency By Dominique Dillon St. John’s University CRM 119 Dominique Dillon October 22nd 2014 Running head: GANGS: MEMBERSHIP, VIOLENCE/CRIME AND JUVENILE DELINQUENCY Annotated Bibliography Alleyne, Emma Wood, Jane L., (2011). Gang Involvement: Social and Environment Factors. Crime and Delinquency 60 (4) 547-568. Using the stereotypes of the AmericanRead MoreMusic And Its Influence On Society1752 Words   |  8 Pages Music has always been an influence in the evolution of world civilizations and is still an important form of art and entertainment that humans find great pleasure in listening to today. There are multitudinous types and genres of music from all over the world, varying from classical, jazz, hip-hop, reggae, country, rock, and even rap. Despite these numerous amounts of genres, music can be found from all over the world residing in different parts of the world, and essentially, in different culturesRead MoreResource Wars: the New Landscape of Global Conflict5105 Words   |  21 PagesPolitical Geography of War: Natural Resources and Armed Conflicts Philippe Le Billion Summary: Throughout the 1990s, many armed groups have relied on revenues from natural resources such as oil, timber, or gems to substitute for dwindling Cold War sponsorship. Resources not only ï ¬ nanced, but in some cases motivated conï ¬â€šicts, and shaped strategies of power based on the commercialization of armed conï ¬â€šict and the territoriality of sovereignty around valuable resource areas and trading networks. AsRead More How September 11th Changed American Culture Essay3788 Words   |  16 PagesThere is still many Americans living in poverty. There is still illegal drugs that infest our nation with addiction and crime that encircles the drug trade. There are many children not getting a good education and many of whom who are fearful of violence at our schools. It is up to us as Americans to face these problems head on now more than ever before. The nations most important problems to tackle and change are our illegal drug problem, the lack of good education for those of all ages, andRead MoreC228-Community Health Nursing-Task 1 Essay4703 Words   |  19 Pagesinto the area, boosting the economy. Unemployment rate as of July 2014 was 4.5% (Weber e.d.p., 2014). Weber County Annual Assessment Summary 2014 Report ranked the top five employment industries in Weber County as Manufacturing, Health Care and Social Assistance, Federal Government (including public education), Retail Trade and Local Government, accounting for a median household income of $66,526 (Weber-Morgan Health Department Annual Report, 2010). Weber County touts its claim as the industrialRead MoreJuvenile Deliquency in Ibadan, Nigeria15127 Words   |  61 Pagesof the family unit, inadequate provision of social services and inability of the educational system to respond to new challenges. From the word â€Å"juvenile delinquency†, â€Å"juvenile† means young people while delinquency means young offenders that are guilty of minor crime or misdeed. Juvenile delinquency as defined by Carter and Hill (1979) means offences committed by young people – theft, smuggling, prostitution, drug trafficking, robbery, raping, violence etc.while Oxford Advanced Learners EnglishRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesperspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7 (paper : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0271-4 (electronic) 1. History, Modern—20th century. 2. Twentieth century. 3. Social history—20th century. 4. World politics—20th century. I. Adas, Michael, 1943– II. American Historical Association. D421.E77 2010 909.82—dc22 2009052961 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National StandardRead MoreEthics of Information Communication Technology (Ict)27618 Words   |  111 Pages239 ETHICS OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) Paper prepared by Tengku Mohd T. Sembok, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia for the Regional Meeting on Ethics of Science and Technology 5-7 November 2003, Bangkok UNESCO Regional Unit for Social Human Sciences in Asia and the Pacific (RUSHSAP) 241 ETHICS OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) 1. INTRODUCTION Globalization and digital convergence in the emerging knowledge society has raised complex ethical, legal and societalRead MoreAmerican Civil Rights Movement Essay15820 Words   |  64 Pagesdecreased. There were very few directors to shape the script, control its editing. Most of the directors were just technicians. The Productoion Code 1944 - was adopted in response to public protests, the Legion of Decency who were opposed to sex and violence. It included American bishop. It threatened to boycott the industry. A great number of restrictions. The Code forbade to show secenes of passion, adultery, rape, seduction only when to the plot. Absolutely forbidden sexual relation ship. Prostitution

Classical and Positive School of Criminology Essay

The Classical School of Criminology and the Positive School of Criminology are two of the main theories that try and explain the behavior of delinquents. The Classical School of Criminology was developed in the late 1700s by Cesare Beccaria. Classical theorists were trying to decrease punishment and obtain equal justice for all. According to Beccaria and Jeremy Bantham, and English philospther, human nature is characterized by three central features: 1) People are not bound by original sin but have freedom of choice; 2) people are rational and are capable of using reason to govern their lives; and 3) people are motivated to pursue their own self-interests at the expense of others. (Empey pg. 113) They believed that people are†¦show more content†¦Despite the plausibility of callsical theories, they could be false. If they could not be supported by empirical evidence, other theories must be sought. The job of criminologists was to formulate and test theories of crime and crime control.  · The doctrine of determinism. Postivists also argued that crime, like any other phenomenon, is determined by prior causes; it doesnt just happen. The emphasis of the classical school on reason and free will, they said, is too simplistic. People are not always free to do as they wish. Much, if not all, of their behavior is determined by biological, psychological, and social forces over which the have little personal control. Because certain laws govern the operation of theos forces, another job of criminologists was to discober the laws about crime.  · Value neutrality. Positvists argued, in addition, that there is a need to be neutral about societal values. Although politicians, citizens, and criminal justice officials had to be concerned with implementing policies that are consistent with prevailing values, criminologists ere to be concerned primarily with trying to understand why people violate the law and the effects of alternatibe crime control policies. This is not to say that criminologists couldnt espouse certain values in their roles as ordinary citizens. But as scientists, the were to confine themselves to facts based on objective evidence. (Empey pg. 114,115) TheShow MoreRelatedClassical And Positive Schools Of Criminology875 Words   |  4 PagesThere are several theories of crime that originated from both classical and positive schools of criminology. The various crimes that occur within society have shifted the manner of how Americans live their lives. According to Lilly (1989) the various changes within American society has become a dominant feature of American life and a persuasive warning that the social fabrics of urban slums brew crime. Robert E Park, a newspaper reporter of the 1930’s according to Lilly et al (1989) concluded thatRead MoreBiological and Classical School1265 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The Classical School of criminology emerged during the eighteenth century after the European Enlightenment period. It was during this time that law enforcement and laws were disparate and unjust and punishment was brutal. Members of the Classical School would demand justice that based on equality and human punishment that was appropriate for the offense. According to Williams and McShane 2009, the Classical School was uninterested in studying the criminal per se; it gained its associationRead MoreThe Various Theories of Criminology 1276 Words   |  5 PagesCriminology is defined as an interdisciplinary profession built around the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior including their forms, causes, legal aspects, and control. There are many aspects in the field of criminology. These aspects include the areas of research involved, the criminology schools of thought, theoretical developments and the people involved in creating and developing the theories. What role do criminologists play in the field of criminology? The term criminologistRead MoreBiological Explanations of Criminal Behavior1430 Words   |  6 Pagesand some recent biological explanations which have overcome the weaknesses of the earlier ones. These two aspects can be applied in criminology for the prevention of the development of criminal minds. Early biological explanations of criminal behavior had two different perspectives which came from the classical school and the positive school. Before the classical school, an offender was said to be guilty unless proven innocent. Whether proven guilty or innocent, torture was implicated upon the accusedRead MoreClassical Vs. Classical Criminology989 Words   |  4 PagesThe classical criminology school is arguably a controversial phenomena; largely based on their neglect to acknowledge human behaviour as a cause of crime (Morrison 1995). This has led some researchers to argue that classical criminology cannot be considered as a science (Garland 1985). Further, researchers have, however, disputed these claims, arguing that the research provided by classical criminologists is useful and has provided a gateway for many criminal justice reforms. In light of this, thisRead MoreClassical Criminology : Criminal Justice Policies And Against The Spiritual Explanation Of Crime Essay1087 Wor ds   |  5 PagesClassical Criminology is focused on the punishment of crime rather than the causation of crime. The classicism theory of criminology is the concepts of legal system and its approach during the 1700’s (‘Enlightenment period’). It is argued that Classical criminology was a â€Å"protest against those criminal justice policies and against the spiritual explanation of crime†.1 Features of Classical criminology still have a large impact on legal systems, like the concept of proportionality. There are manyRead MoreCriminology Theories1039 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Criminology† is the study of crime from a social perspective by researching the nature and management of crime and the social impact of crime on society involving the causes and consequences behind the matter. This is a generalised explanation of what â€Å"Criminology† involves as it is too difficult to create an exact definition because the topic is so complex from continuous growing historical roots and evolving theories which will be explored within the main body of this essay. It is said by SutherlandRead MoreNeighborhood Watch Research Study1511 Words   |  7 Pagesstudy of classical criminology. Preventing crime by punishment to induce reform is one of the principles which defined the classical concept. The early followers of classical concept punished criminals with torture and dismemberment at times. The classical concept also includes the concepts of free will, pain, and pleasure. The gain of a crime is considered the pleasure and the pain is the punishment. Neighborhood watch as a deterrent would classified as classical thought criminology. The conceptRead MoreSchools of Criminology5403 Words   |  22 Pagescrime and with it, the study of criminology. The study of criminology is an accumulation of centuries of beliefs, ideas, norms and laws of various societies. Because crime is a part of every human society, the study of criminology is also imperative to all societies. In this project report, I will discuss the various schools of thoughts of criminology starting from the early seventeenth century to the modern day schools of criminological thought. Schools of criminology It has been generally acceptedRead MoreThe Integral Role Sentencing Plays in the Criminal Justice Process904 Words   |  4 Pagesor parole for convicted offenders. The Classical School of Criminology (Larrabee, A.K. [2006] Punishment vs. Rehabilitation) has proposed that punishment is used to create deterrence and the Positive School of Criminology uses rehabilitation to reduce recidivism. In my opinion, more studies show that rehabilitation has a more lasting impact on an individual with the help from the community. To stay fair and acknowledge that the Classical School of Criminology has a point toward the deterrence factor

Group Theory Free Essays

GROUP THEORY Theory is a set of related ideas that has the potential to describe, explain, and/or predict human experience in an orderly fashion. A theorist develops a structural map of commonalities that he or she expects to observe or has observed. A method, as defined in Webster’s Dictionary, is a procedure, technique, or way of doing something, especially in accordance with a definite plan. We will write a custom essay sample on Group Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now Group work provides a context in which individuals help each other; it is a method of helping groups as well as helping individuals; and it can enable individuals and groups to influence and change personal, group, organizational, and community problems. As discussed in class, there are four stages of group theory and development. The stages include: forming, storming, norming, and performing. Forming involves the knowledge and understanding of the feelings and emotions felt by group members in this stage is helpful, if not essential, to the effective structuring of a program to work towards the desired outcome for the group. Storming is the stage when group members begin to confront each other as they begin to strive for roles within the group that will help them to belong and to feel valued. Aggression and resentment may manifest in this stage and thus if strong personalities emerge and leadership is unresponsive to group and individual needs, the situation may become destructive to the group’ s development. During the norming stage, groups begin to work more constructively together towards formal identified or informal tasks. Roles begin to develop and be owed within the group, and although these may be accepted, some members may not be comfortable with the role or roles which the have been allocated. The final stage is performing. This stage sees the group performing effectively with defined roles. In fact, at this stage, it could be said that the group has transformed into a team. However, potential exists within this stage for oppression to begin if one or more group members does not appear to fit in with the group’s view of its task, or is not performing as effectively as expected. Groups are extremely important in the lives of all individuals. Many of our goals can be achieved only with the cooperation and coordination of others. The success of any group depends on the ability of its members to exchange ideas freely and to feel involved in the life and decisions of the group. All groups have goals. It is important that short term and long term goals are set realistically if the group is to develop and function effectively. These functions are achieved through the direction of leadership and the development of individual roles within each group. Icebreakers can be an effective way to start the first meeting of a group. They help people get to know each other and buy into the purpose of the event. If an icebreaker session is well-designed and well-facilitated, it can really help get things off to a great start. By getting to know each other, getting to know the facilitators and learning about the objectives of the event, people can become more engaged in the proceedings and so contribute more effectively towards a successful outcome. Other methods that I would encourage during first meetings of a group include the following: promoting participation among individuals, informing individuals of the benefits of collaborative learning in group therapy and group work, and discussion of intended tasks, goals, and roles anticipated by the group members. How to cite Group Theory, Papers

Financial Data Bonza Handtools Ltd. Manufactures

Questions:- 1.Bonza Handtools Ltd. manufactures a popular power drill suitable for the home renovator. Financial and other data for this product for the last twelve months are as follows : Sales 20000 units Selling price $130 per unit Variable manufacturing cost $50 per unit Fixed manufacturing costs $400000 Variable selling and administrative costs $30 per unit Fixed selling and administrative costs $300000. The directors of Bonza Ltd. want to try to increase the profitability of this product and invited senior staff to suggest how this might be done. Three suggestions have been received. The accountant, Jan Rossi, believes that a price increase of $10 per unit is the best way to boost profits. She would spend an additional $125000 on national advertising and contends, that if this is done, sales volume would not drop appreciably from last year. The production manager, Tom Tune, thinks that an improved quality product could increase sales volume by 25% if accompanied by an advertising campaign costing $50000 aimed at tradespeople as well as home renovators. The improved quality would add $5 per unit to the variable cost. Mr Tune believes that the price should not be increased. The sales manager, Mary Watson, wants to undertake a promotion campaign where a $10 rebate is offered on all drills sold during the three months beginning 1 April. Normally 6000 units are sold during that period and Ms Watson believes that this could be boosted to 10000 units if an advertising campaign costing $40000 were launched late in March. You have been asked by the Bonza board to comment on each of these three proposals. Draft a report in response to this request. You are not asked to make an outright choice, but rather to analyse the potential strengths and weaknesses. The sales volumes forecast by each staff member should be treated as estimates only and your report should examine the effects of variations in actual sales from these forecasts. Give figures to support your comments and mention qualitative factors that may also be involved. 2.The Tassie Company estimates that next year it will manufacture and sell 150000 units of its product. On the basis of that level of activity, it has budgeted for the following costs and prices per unit: Direct Material Cost $2.50 Direct Labour Cost 3.00 Variable Factory Overhead 1.50 Fixed Factory Overhead 2.00 Manufacturing Cost 9.00 Variable Selling and Administrative Cost 2.00 Fixed Selling and Administrative Cost 1.50 Total Cost 12.50 20% Mark-up 2.50 Selling Price $15.00 The Company has an opportunity to bid for the supply of an additional 40000 units of its product to a government department. No sales commission (variable selling and admin. cost) is involved and no additional fixed costs will be incurred. Give a reasoned opinion on the level of the bid that should be made in each of the following two circumstances: (i) The capacity of the Tassie Company's factory is 200000 units per year. (ii) The capacity of the factory is only 180000 units per year. 3.Critically discuss the following statements: Word limit for Question 3 - 750 words a budget is a forecast of what is expected to happen in a business during the next year budgets are okay but they stifle all initiative. No manager would work for a business that applies control through budgets. any sensible person would start with the sales budget and build up the other budgets from there. a budget trying to be realistic will not motivate best performance. only adverse variances are worth investigating, because favourable variances, by definition, must be good. 4.ABC Ltd makes trailers. It receives a special order to produce 350 trailers for a local retail outlet. The order will take 2,100 kg of material that costs $16.10 per kg and will require 1,400 direct labour hours and 525 machine hours. The following are the expected/budgeted annual costs for ABC Ltd: Direct labour $327,600 Direct labour hours 25,795 Direct materials $193,200 Indirect costs $98,400 Machine hours 9,840 Required: Calculate the overhead allocation rate: note that the process is labour-intensive Calculate the total costs of the special order Calculate the cost of the special order if ABC Ltd uses machine time as the basis for allocating overheads Calculate the minimum price per trailer that ABC Ltd could accept. Explain how segmented overhead cost pools and activity based costing can assist accurate costing for pricing purpose 5.Write around 500 words explaining how segmenting the overheads can help in allocating overhead costs to individual jobs or services. You must support your discussion by real world examples and acknowledge the source of your information. Answers: Task 1 Last 12 months performance PARTICULARS AMOUNT Sales (units) 20000 Selling price per unit $ 130 Revenue $ 2600000 Variable manufacturing cost per unit $ 50 Total variable manufacturing cost $ 1000000 Fixed Manufacturing costs $ 400000 Variable selling and administrative costs per unit $ 30 Total Variable selling and administrative cost $ 600000 Fixed selling and administrative costs $ 300000 Net Profit/Income $300000 Case 1: Jan Rossi vie PARTICULARS AMOUNT Sales 20000 Selling price per unit $ 140.00 Revenue $ 2800000 Variable manufacturing cost per unit $ 50 Total Variable manufacturing costs $ 1000000 Fixed Manufacturing costs $ 400000 Variable selling and administrative costs per unit $ 30 Total variable selling and administrative costs $ 600000 Fixed selling and administrative costs $ 300000 Advertising costs $ 125000 Net Income $ 375000 It can be analyzed from the first proposal that net income of Bonza Handtools Ltd. may increase up to $375000 that can be up by 25% if selling price is increased. Moreover, increase the advertising costs, the costs burden can be increased on the company. According to Jan Rossie, the sales can increase to approx 8% from last year if selling price and advertising cost is increased. Case 2: Tom Tune view PARTICULARS AMOUNT Sales 25000 Selling price per unit $130.00 Revenue $3250000 Variable manufacturing cost per unit $55 Total Variable manufacturing costs $1375000 Fixed Manufacturing costs $400000 Variable selling and administrative costs per unit $30 Total variable selling and administrative costs $750000 Fixed selling and administrative costs $300000 Advertising costs $50000 Net Income $375000 As per the second proposal, the company can be able to increase sales by 25% if selling price is kept same at 130. However, improving the product quality can be effective in generating sales but the company may not be able to earn profit more than the proposal presented by Jan Rossie instead it will be equal to her proposal. On the other hand, increasing the variable manufacturing cost per unit and incurring advertising costs can increase net income by $75000 units. Case 3: Mary Watson view PARTICULARS AMOUNT For the period of three months Rest period Sales (units) 10000 14000 Selling price per unit $120 $130 Revenue $1200000 $1820000 Variable manufacturing cost per unit $50 $50 Total Variable manufacturing costs $500000 $700000 Fixed Manufacturing costs $ 400000 Variable selling and administrative costs per unit $30 $30 Total variable selling and administrative costs $300000 $420000 Fixed selling and administrative costs $300000 Net Income $400000 According to third proposal, the company can be able to increase net income by 33% and company can register sales for the next nine months up to $182000. Therefore, the promotional campaign can be beneficial for the company. Task 2: Sales (unit) 150000 Selling price per unit 15 Revenue 2250000 Total Cost per unit 12.50 Total cost 1875000 Profit 375000 Case 1: Additional Sales (unit) 150000 40000 Selling price per unit 15 15 Revenue 2250000 600000 Total Cost per unit 12.50 10.50 Total cost 1875000 420000 Profit $555000 Case 2: Additional Sales (unit) 150000 30000 Selling price per unit 15 15 Revenue 2250000 450000 Total Cost per unit 12.50 10.50 Total cost 1875000 315000 Profit $510000 As per the case 1, the Tassie Company can be able to increase the profit percentage by 48% whereas according to the second case, Tassie Company can only be able to generate profit by 36%. In case 1, the sales volume is higher in comparison to case 2. Task 3: 3.1: According to Park and Kim (2012), preparing a budget can be useful for the company to forecast the future requirements. The company can analyze the future cash outflows, inflows, sales, etc that can help in determining the future profit. Apart from that, Chen et al. (2012) opined that if the prepared budget does not match up with the expected value then the company may suffer loss and conflict can arise in the management. 3.2: As per Bragg and Roehl-Anderson (2011), the budgets can be effective for the managers to know the loopholes in the business and where necessary arrangements can be made. On the other hand, if the budget has a full control over the business activities that it can bind the managers to work in flexible way and managers may not be able to implement better initiative. 3.3: Clendenning et al. (2005) mentioned that preparing a sales budget can be useful in knowing the costs that might incurred during the production and distribution such as overhead costs, material costs, human costs, administrative expenses, etc. Therefore, sales budget preparation can help in knowing the profit that can be generated from sales. 3.4: The budget that focuses on being realistic can impose pressure on the manager or employees to meet the goal. Therefore, it can decrease the efficiency level of workers and take away the flexible working environment. On the other hand, the realistic budget can be effective in aligning the workers to achieve set goal in formal way (Fenrick and Getachew, 2012). 3.5: Freebairn (2012) opined that adverse variances in the performance of employees, financial statements, companys policy, etc. can affect the growth of the company. The large amount of variances in actual and expected value can directly affect the sales and profit figure. Therefore, the management can address the adverse variance so that better solution or plan can be set in order to meet future requirements. Task 4: 4.1: Overhead allocation rate Labor hour rate 12.70014 Indirect cost $98400 Labor cost $17780.19 Material Cost $33810 Other Cost $6667.571 Overhead allocation rate 5.534249 4.2: Total cost of special order Material cost for special order 33810 Labor cost 17780.19 Other Cost 6667.571 Total Cost for special order 58258 4.3: Costs of special order, employing machine time Overhead rate per hour 10 Material Cost 33810 Labor Cost 14000 Other Cost 5250 Total Cost 53060 4.4: Minimum price per trailer Total Cost 58257.76 Total unit 350 Minimum per unit cost 166.4507 4.5: Segmented overhead costs pools and ABC The segmented overhead costs pools can be effective in analyzing the total costs of overhead costs that can be related to material purchase, machine setup, packaging, testing or cleaning and maintenance. Therefore, costs pool can be helpful in identifying the cost driver that can be useful in knowing the total cost and unit cost for each driver such as purchase orders, containers, tests, etc (Horngren, Datar and Rajan, 2012). On the other hand, after analyzing the unit cost then each cost activity can be allocated to the product so that activity based costing can be assigned. Further, when the cost is determined under ABC then per unit overhead cost can be estimated that can be allocated to each product. Therefore, it can be used in knowing the unit price of each product that can help in generating better sales and income (Kumar, 2012). Task 5: Segmenting the overhead costs can be useful in determining the cost that are not normally declared while estimating overhead costs but are associated to it. The expenses and income can be allocated to each department of production that can help in knowing that which business segments are more profitable (Pereira, n.d.). On the other hand, if the firm deals in more than one product then overhead costs can be effective that can help the manger to estimate the product line profitability. Further, the accountant of the particular firm can identify the overhead that can cause changes to the product profit either in negative way or in positive way. The overhead costs can be segmented in different expense heading that can help in determining the costs for individual jobs or services (Rossing and Rohde, 2010). VARIABLE OVERHEAD INDIRECT OVERHEAD ADMINISTRATIVE OVERHEAD MANUFACTURING OVERHEAD Wages for material handling Equipment utilities and production supplies Telephone and office expenses Administrative salaries Auditing and accounting expenses Legal expenses Research and Development Office supplies Front office expenses Wages or commission Outside legal and audit fees Sales and administration utilities Administration and sales office lease Building factory rent Managers and maintenance personnel salaries Property taxes Factory utilities Janitorial staff wages The overhead costs can be explained with examples. For instance, in Melbourne Private Hospital, Australia, treatment timing is ordered through computer system by the physicians at nurses station. Further, materials and orders of treatment are requisitioned and moreover, the costs and charges are recorded systematically as per the duration of patient in hospital. The costs related to meals for patient, X-rays report, bed charges, medicine, etc are taken in account. Therefore, when the patient gets well then the hospital authority sends bills to the person containing doctor fees, medicine and other direct and indirect overhead costs. Thus, the costs are mentioned in appropriate way in subsidiary ledger containing patient medical number and episode number (University.uog.edu, 2015). Apart from that, Redmond Gary Australia Pty Ltd a manufacturer company assign the labor hours so that exact cost can be assigned to the workers in order to generate the costs that can be incurred by the company . Moreover, the labor hours and other direct costs related to workers are maintained by the lawyers and accountants (Pan, 2011). References Bragg, S. and Roehl-Anderson, J. (2011). The controller's function. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Budget impact of increasing importance for payers. (2007). PharmacoEconomics Outcomes News, NA;(538), p.2. Chen, M., Ma, Q., Guo, L., Qiu, Y., Li, Y. and Yang, W. (2012). Importance of lateral transport processes to 210Pb budget in the eastern Chukchi Sea during summer 2003. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 81-84, pp.53-62. Clendenning, L., Martin, J. and McKenzie, G. (2005). Secrets for managing materials budget allocations: A brief guide for collection managers. Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services, 29(1), pp.99-108. Fenrick, S. and Getachew, L. (2012). Cost and reliability comparisons of underground and overhead power lines. Utilities Policy, 20(1), pp.31-37. Freebairn, J. (2012). Mining booms and government budgets*. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 56(2), pp.201-221. Horngren, C., Datar, S. and Rajan, M. (2012). Cost accounting. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Hu, Y. (2012). Peer-to-peer support for large scale interactive applications. [Riverside, Calif.]: University of California, Riverside. Kumar, R. (2012). Communication reliability in network on chip designs. [College Station, Tex.: Texas AM University. Pan, R. (2011). Determination Method of Overhead Cost Allocation Coefficient Based on Rough Set and Case Based Reasoning. JME, 47(07), p.157. Park, S. and Kim, M. (2012). The Impact of Attribute Importance in the Effects of Option Framing on Choice: Budget Range and Justification as Moderators of Loss Aversion. Psychology Marketing, 29(10), pp.726-737. Pereira, S. (n.d.). Optimal Overhead Cost Allocation in an Agency Model with Moral Hazard and Private Information. SSRN Journal. Rossing, C. and Rohde, C. (2010). Overhead cost allocation changes in a transfer pricing tax compliant multinational enterprise. Management Accounting Research, 21(3), pp.199-216. University.uog.edu, (2015). Understanding, Allocating, and Controlling Overhead Costs. [online] Available at: https://university.uog.edu/cals/people/pubs/mgt/f217.pdf [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015].

Concerning the Human Rights of Immigrants Policies, Approaches and Stereotypes

Zombie Land Essays - Masculinity, Social Constructionism

Zombie Land Essays - Masculinity, Social Constructionism Zombie Land Dexter Smith English 011 17- April-2013 Zombie Land From the article Modern Masculinities, The author Cooper Thompson explains that men in society are expected to be physically strong, tough, independent, and have self-control over their emotions. He also believes that boys must learn to accept their vulnerability of asking for help and support in appropriate situations. Modern Masculinities relates to the movie Zombieland because it deals with masculinity in relation to zombies and staying alive. This movie challenges the stereotypes of masculinity in American culture by showing young viewers that they should not be defined by masculinity but instead define it. In the movie Zombieland, Columbus and Tallahassee have different ways of showing masculinity. One way Tallahassee shows his masculinity is through toughness. For example, in one scene, Tallahassee punches Columbus at the Native American store after Columbus considers spraying perfume at him. The way Tallahassee looks with his brown cowboy hat, black tight jacket, his blue loose pants, and a mean face shows that Tallahassee does not put up with shenanigans. Tallahassees masculinity ties with Modern Masculinities because he is more aggressive and outgoing. Cooper Thompson challenges modern masculinities with this topic. The way Columbus shows his masculinity is more cautiously. For example, from the beginning of the movie to the end, Columbus creates himself 33 rules to follow to survive in Zombieland. The way Columbus looks with his purple jacket, brown corduroy pants, and a face that looks scared shows that he is a nerdy boy. Columbus does fit with this article because he is more sen sitive when he deals with other people. Also, Columbus thinks before he takes action, and he is always asking for help when he needs it once he comes to a conflict. Cooper Thompson was challenging the stereotype of a man in the article suggesting that by instead of taking action, start asking for help and support. These two characters show different masculinities that Cooper Thompson discusses in the article. Next, the zombies change Tallahassee and Columbuss masculinity when they are being attacked by them. In the beginning of the movie, Tallahassee is an angry, violent guy with no emotion. He hides his emotions from Columbus because he does not want to show them. Towards the end, he starts to show his emotion about his son right after Columbus kills Tallahassees favorite movie star, Bill Murray. On the other hand, with Columbus, he changes from being a softy to a bad ass. For example, in the beginning of the movie, he starts to run away from the zombies because he is too scared to kill. Also, he uses his own rules to protect himself. Later on in the movie, Columbus meets a girl named Wichita. He falls in love with her, but she is very destructive. Columbus starts to turn into a bad ass when he faces his fear and goes through the haunted house at the amusement park with all the zombies running behind him. He starts shooting them and ends up risking his life to kill a husky zombie clown. At the end of the movie, Wichita and her sister Little Rock go on the drop ride at the park, and they get attacked by zombies. After Columbus recues Wichita and Little Rock, he gets a kiss from Wichita for a reward. The movie Zombieland sends a message to young men that they should not be defined by masculinity but instead defines it for himself. The characters in the movie shows their masculinity when the zombies trying to attack them. Columbuss starts himself of being a loner and provide. Later on in the movie he became more masculine when he meets Wichita the girl he likes. Tallahassee starts himself as being a tough, angry guy with no emotions. He always kept bad things to himself. Towards the end of the movie he starts to open his emotion to Columbus about his son and changes his attitude. To sum up, men should learn how to be vulnerable and have self- control. Also, men should talk with someone about their problems instead of holding their issues in and becoming disruptive. The movie Zombieland shows viewers that they do not always have to be the masculine man. They

Beginning of Catholicism and its Spread Around the World Essay

Beginning of Catholicism and its Spread Around the World - Essay Example The Birth of Christianity in Jerusalem The birth of Christianity was practically the beginning of Christ’s preaching in Jerusalem (â€Å"How the Catholic Church†). In Chapter 16 of the Gospel of Matthew, it is believed that Jesus established the Catholic Church when He asked the disciples, â€Å"Who do people say that the Son of Man is?† (Matthew 16:13, New American Standard Bible). Although the disciples have several answers, only Simon Peter’s sufficed when he said, â€Å"You are the Christ, the Son of the living God† (Mt. 16:16). Through this statement, one can see that Peter declared and affirmed Jesus Christ’s divinity. Jesus then formally established the Church by assigning Peter the equivalent role of Pope: â€Å"Blessed are you, Simon Barjona, because flesh and blood did not reveal this to you, but My Father who is in heaven†¦you are Peter, and upon this rock I will build My church† (Mt. 16:17-18). Jesus’ divine dec laration of Peter’s important role in the Christian Church happened in around 33 AD in Jerusalem (â€Å"How the Catholic Church†). It was actually Peter who eventually brought Christianity to Rome, where the religion became Roman Catholicism. The Emergence of Christianity in Rome Before Peter went to Rome to spread Christ’s church, he and the other disciples preached the gospel in Jerusalem first until around 45 AD (â€Å"How the Catholic Church†). Their accomplishments are all found in the Book of the Acts of the Apostles, where Peter declared once more the authority that Jesus conferred upon Him before the latter’s death: â€Å"Brethren, you know that in the early days God made a choice among you, that by my mouth the Gentiles would hear the word of the gospel and believe† (Acts 15:7). This authority of Peter was important in the early beginnings of the Catholic Church when there were no established doctrines yet except the teachings of Ch rist. Through Peter’s authority and as stated in the Acts of the Apostles, the apostles preached in Jerusalem, Judea, Samaria, Syria, Asia Minor, Europe and finally Rome (Darby). The joint efforts of Peter and the other disciples in spreading the gospel in the aforementioned places approximately lasted until the year 44 during the reign of the Roman Emperor Claudius, although some sources say it was during the time of the succeeding emperor, Nero (Robinson). The missionary activities of the 12 disciples of Jesus including Peter happened simultaneously with those of Paul, who arrived in Jerusalem in around 57 AD, and preached in Greece and Rome until his arrest and death sometime between 64 and 68 AD also during the time of Nero (â€Å"Paul’s Work†). The joint efforts of Peter, Paul and the other disciples of Christ in spreading the word of God in the Middle East, Europe and Rome may have caused their eventual deaths, but these efforts served as the seed from whi ch Roman Catholicism would be born. The Formal Beginnings of Roman Catholicism Between 100 AD and 200 AD, the need arose for the specifications of Catholic Christianity, especially on the subject of apostolic authority. There was a need to put into writing what it really meant to be a Christian and, thus, there was a need to organize the New Testament Scriptures, writings of the apostles, the Episcopal centers that the apostles established, in order to formulate a standard of Christian conduct (Guisepi). It was Irenaeus,

Great Creations Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Great Creations Organization - Essay Example As a small NGO, GCO have a capacity to move extremely quickly as circumstances changes. Decisions do not need to go through vetting processes and large bureaucracies but could be made right at such an executive meeting. GCO could therefore keep abreast of changing needs and adapt the programs as needed which only call for more meetings (Aras & Crowther, 2010).B)Â  An involved and active membershipThere is a tendency of smaller NGOs like GCO fearing to be swallowed because government funders find it easier to deal with fewer service providers. But GCO is well established and therefore an involved membership including the interested shareholders should be used. These will include volunteers and community development approaches.C)Â  Collaborate strategicallyThere are other smaller NGOs dealing with the same provisions as GCO and therefore collaborating with them in learning, opening of social media networks to get to the affected areas and develop a partnered IT strategy (Winsemius & Guntram, 2002).D)Â  SpecializationUnlike larger organizations, GCO cannot provide multifaceted services effectively and therefore should only specialize on what it does well and perfect it.E)Â  Maintaining good relationships with funding bodiesThe relevant government departments and the other funders have continually issued complaints to GCO about this or that. It is critical that these key contacts are maintained which would include courtesy calls (Fitzduff & Church, 2004).F)Â  Educational Institutions

Commercial bank of kuwait (CBK) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Commercial bank of kuwait (CBK) - Essay Example Characteristics of the industry in which the bank operates Commercial Bank of Kuwait operates in the Kuwait’s banking industries whose environmental features are identifiable. The industry is one of the strongest in the region and this identifies positive prospects such as sustainability and a business’ profit making interests. The industry is also free from unfavorable competition from international financial institutions. It comprises of about ten local banks and nine foreign banks, a number that identifies oligopolistic market. This means that the market players have significant potentials to dictate market factors but competitors can at the same time use such powers to gain competitive advantage over the firm. This further identifies banks’ fears of customer manipulation and leads to significant level of stability in the industry. The industry is also in its developmental stage in which competition is increasing as each bank seeks to expand its market control . Developments in the industry also identify diversification into new products and application of technology for developing new products as well as for efficiency. Innovation has been another characteristic feature of the industry and is a factor to increased level of competition. Favorable political environment has also been reported within the industry with policies that support commercial banks’ stability and operations. The policies indicate stability of the industry, regardless of possible entry by more foreign banks, because of the government policies that focuses on protecting the industry. Further, the minimal market size helps in protecting the industry from further venture by foreign banks because of risks of failing to reach breakeven points by new entrants and the country’s small population explains this (Capital Standards 1). The Industry however faces risks from volatility in two industries that are significant to its sustainability. The industriesâ€℠¢ dynamism affects performance and profitability of the banking industry that is also susceptible to threats of concentration. The role of Islamic banking that is gaining momentum in the country is another threat to the banking industry because of its ability to reduce the market base. Islamic banking is a significant threat because of the country’s dominant faith that is likely to induce bias towards the religious banks (Capital Standards 1). The Kuwait’s banking industry is also susceptible to global economic factors as global recession was witnessed during the global recession in the year 2009. Other significant sectors to the banking industry such as the construction sectors are also susceptible to the global economy and affect banks’ conditions. The industry’s financial indicators such as gross loans and non-performing loans also offer a basis for its analysis. Amount of gross loans has been increasing and this indicates increasing demand for financi al services. Increasing trend in nonperforming loans in the industry also indicates increasing advanced services to customers that culminates to increased defaults and threats of defaults. The increasing volume on non-performing loans is however, a threat to the industry as defaults constrains liquidity. Policies to improved asset quality have however promised to reduce the threats of growing volume of nonperforming loans with positive results being reported in the year 2010. The industry also relies on low cost deposits as sources

Brand Equity in Luxury Hotels | Research Proposal

Brand Equity in Luxury Hotels | Research Proposal Introduction At the present time, globalisation which just means linking together the localities separated by distance is not an issue in terms of communication, moreover it brings together the world as one (Scheuerman, 2010). The positives of globalisation do not limit itself to just bringing the world together in terms of communication, tourism and hospitality industry has also greatly benefited by this. India is considered one of the fastest growing countries in the world and becoming an attraction for the foreign tourist. India hosted 6.58 million foreign tourist in the year 2012, which was an increase by 4.3% compared to last year. The foreign exchange earnings were a staggering $17.74 billion which was an increase of 7.15 compared to last year (India Tourism Statistics, 2012). The Indian government un It will not be wrong to assume that India has been successful in catering the basic requirements which a tourist looks for before planning their trip to a foreign country. These statistics make India one of the top tourist destinations. The basic requirements being variety of serviced accommodation to choose from, adequate infrastructure, communication system, museum, art galleries, restaurants, cafes, craft places, gardens, historic places and sports amenities. The tourism ministry of India was quick to recognise the tourism market in India and has taken necessary steps to promote it. The Foreign Tourist Arrivals in India during the eighties and nineties lacked consistency but since then it has seen steady growth. The early 2000 can be considered the best years for tourism industry as they saw double digit growth (India Tourism Statistics, 2012). This paper specifically focuses on the 5 star luxury hotels section of the hospitality industry of India. It is very important for the individuals involved in the operations of the hotel to know about the factors which might affect the competition. In the competitive setting, Brand Equity is believed to be the most important value generating asset to the organisation and its customers. Customers can benefit through Brand Equity as it would help them get a better understanding of the services provided by the brand which would eventually increase confidence and help them in making the buying decision. The organisation can benefit in terms of increasing profits, attracting new customers and retaining the loyal customers, having a competitive advantage over rivals (Aaker, 1991). Therefore, the study is carried out to better understand the brand equity of high end luxury hotels in India and the link between brand equity and the post purchase evaluation by the customers. This will provide a better understanding of brand equity of the hotel which is just a small element of brand asset. The post purchase evaluation by the customers for the brand equity in hospitality industry will be directed by analysing the already existing written texts. The suggestions given by the guests who have already visited the hotel are used to analyse as their feedback and opinion would shed light on the major issues faced in terms of brand equity during their stay. Hence, the conclusion of this paper would provide an insight of the different brand equity elements, their features and the influence these elements can have on the day to day working of the hotel by the top management, the marketing team, operations team and everybody responsible for implementing the strategy. A successful brand strategy would give the hotel a competitive advantage over its existing market rivals. Problem Statement A brand can be called an important resource for value addition to the organisation as it is used in the marketing strategy and positioning of the company in the market (Ghauri and Cateora, 2010). Brand equity is a combination of elements namely brand loyalty, brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality denoting the improved value of the brand as a whole. In case of hospitality industry, the focus is mainly on how the consumer perceives the hotel brand, this further improves chances of making more profit. The literature on brand equity have largely focused on the product aspect and not much study has been contributed to the service industry. Thus, literature on brand equity for service industry like hotels is very limited. This has attracted my attention and inspired me to study brand equity primarily focusing on the hospitality industry. As stated above, India has been successful in improving its tourism and hospitality sector over the years. This has resulted in stiff competition amongst the hotel operators. To increase the rate of growth, the government helps and extends its support in almost all domains of the tourism industry. As an example, the government’s initiative to improve the Indian tourism industry in overseas market is the brochure support. The overseas offices help promote organisations who intend to promote special tours (Ministry of tourism, 2014). There are marketing development assistance schemes to promote Indian tourism abroad which is administered by the ministry of tourism, government of India to help hoteliers, travel agents, tour operators etc. The competition in the hospitality industry is intense in parts like Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka and Maharashtra which experienced maximum domestic tourist in the year 2012. The foreign tourist preferred Delhi, Mumbai (M aharashtra), Chennai (Tamil Nadu), Bangalore (Karnataka) and Kolkata (West Bengal) as their top 5 destinations in India (India Tourism Statistics, 2012). Furthermore, the intense in business competitions especially for five stars luxury hotels are higher than other hotel with fewer stars rating. Normally, the higher stars rating hotel such as five stars luxury hotel comes with the higher price of the offering. However, the competition is not only based on the price and promotion concern but also the uniqueness of the hotel brand. In addition, the emerging of new comer hotels in Bangkok area can also be the supporting evidence, for example Starwood’ St. Regis, W hotel, Four Points by Sheraton (Starwood, 2010). As a result, brand equity can play an important role in increasing the overall profit of the hotel and the people responsible for operating the day to day functioning of the hotel need to realize this. The elements of brand equity needs to be studied in terms of the hospitality industry, this would help understand the role of brand equity in hospitality industry. This paper primarily focuses on the five star luxury segment of the hotels in India. This paper is based on the comments and feedback of the guests who have visited the chosen hotels which are then linked with the elements of brand equity. Purpose of Study The main motive of this study is to understand brand equity and elements in terms of the hospitality industry in India considering the post purchase evaluation of the customers who have visited the hotel. The research also aims to find the link between the elements of brand equity and the comments and feedback of these customers after their purchase. Moreover, the objective of this study is to find the practical effects of brand equity. By the end of this research, I intend to suggest some articulated hypothesis of brand equity in hospitality industry for future studies. Research Questions The research question has been framed on the basis of the background of the topic chosen and the problem statement to accomplish the objective of this research: What are the features of brand equity of high-end (5 Stars) luxury hotels in India? Which elements of brand equity do most of the customers perceive for evaluation? Thesis Outline The first chapter gives a brief about the research topic on evaluation of post purchase behaviour on brand equity for hospitality industry in India. This is further explained by designing the problem statement and research topic to specify the path of the study with the focus only on five star luxury hotels in India. Chapter two includes the literature review. This is done by investigating the literature available in physical format and those available on the internet. The literature review explains branding and the various aspects of brand equity to give a basic understanding about brand equity. This will be followed by brand equity in hospitality (service) industry, buying decision of customers, electronic word of mouth and evaluation of customers after using the hotel (post-purchase).Along with this literature, a framework has been designed to give a better understanding of the research which includes the idea of brand equity. Chapter three begins by explaining in the research methodology, how the topic was chosen. This is followed by a discussion on the methodologies used in the research design. Qualitative and quantitative approach were used for this study. Qualitative approach was done by carrying out content analysis using a specific set of measurements. Quantitative approach was used to present the findings and the results. The process of collecting data, the use of secondary data like the feedback of hotels from customers, text and other articles on brand equity are discussed in this section. This section continuous with further explaining the limitations of this study and the sampling design in context of the total volume considered and the time period observed for the data collection. This is commenced by highlighting the validity and the reliability of the study. The fourth chapter presents the findings from the collected data from the website tripadvisor.com for feedback from the guests who have visited the hotels. The main aim for this exercise is to analyse and interpret this data and then divide them in terms of the different components of brand equity or the set of measurements. The results are explained by using the quantitative approach by denoting them in terms of percentage of each component and sub component of brand equity. The fifth chapter analyses the findings and discusses the results and a comparison is made with the earlier studies on brand equity and hospitality industry. This section is concluded by analysing each brand equity category and proposing the hypothesis on brand equity for hotel. The sixth chapter concludes the research by explaining the results obtained from findings and analysis in the previous chapter. This section also answers the research questions for the study. The seventh and the final chapter recommends on the real-world effects of the results obtained from this research. This paper is concluded by proposing a path for the future study centred on the hypotheses.

Amadeus Essay -- essays research papers

At the age of the Enlightenment, Antonio Salieri becomes the most triumphant musician in the city of Vienna, however, without any warning his harmonious universe comes to an utter halt. Salieri’s absolute faith in the world, in himself, and in God is all at once diminished by this spontaneous child composer. When the two opposite ends meet, there emerges a fury, a rage, and a passion in Salieri to sabotage the boy that has secured Salieri’s deserved God given talent; to destroy the one pubescent child that has made him so mute and naked now in a world of discordance. Salieri’s entire reputation and boyhood prayer to attain fame thus rests on his ability to annihilate that child prodigy, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.In analyzing the two composers, Salieri and Mozart, there is a distinct line that clearly divides them. Salieri’s operas receive astounding receptions, making them the “talk of the city,'; shaking the roofs, buzzing the cafes, and even the name Sal ieri “sounds throughout all of Europe'; (2,3). The reason for Salieri’s success, as well as many musicians of the eighteenth century, is because they have become enslaved by the well-to-do and hence are “no better than servants'; (1,3). This applies especially to the king. For example, in Amadeus, His Majesty forbid any ballet in his operas. Imperial commands such as this are not to be interpreted in any way, in other words, they are to be merely obeyed without any dispute. Since operas tend to the needs of the high society in order to obtain recognition, the operas must communicate through the language of the nobility, that is, Italian. In addition, since the majority of the audience is made up of the upper class, the subject matter of the operas must consist of elevated themes. Such as, mythological heroes, kings, and queens, and so forth. According to the eighteenth century view, operas are supposed to be a sublime and an aggrandizing art. The elevated subject m atter is then chosen in order to venerate and honor the nobility. It’s purpose is to “celebrate the eternal in man'; says Van Swieten (2,4). Meaning that there is an element in a noble person that lasts without any end, like God who is immortal. God represents the everlasting and the eternality of existence, thus God gives inspiration to operas that... ...n do now is to die. And so he does. Although Mozart does suffer loss, the loss of his life and career, and is somewhat responsible for his downfall, he does not evoke sympathy or recognition. However, it is Salieri who contains all four elements of a tragic hero. Salieri loses practically everything he has faith in before Mozart appears. He suffers from the loss of dignity, esteem, and honor. Salieri also recognizes something he has never felt before, that is the “pain as I had never know it,'; (1,5), the pain from the beauty and delight of Mozart’s music. Thus, recognizing the limitations of his own talent, the mediocrity of his talent compared to the genius works of Mozart. He grows an awareness of disharmony in the universe that he has never encountered. Salieri clearly is culpable of his own tragedy. He is the Court Composer, his works are respected throughout Europe, and because he is not stupid, he does not say he is the better composer. Instead, he is the minor ity who actually appreciates Mozart’s music. There is definitely sympathy for Salieri, in that all human beings can work as hard as they want to at something and can still fail miserably. Amadeus Essay -- essays research papers At the age of the Enlightenment, Antonio Salieri becomes the most triumphant musician in the city of Vienna, however, without any warning his harmonious universe comes to an utter halt. Salieri’s absolute faith in the world, in himself, and in God is all at once diminished by this spontaneous child composer. When the two opposite ends meet, there emerges a fury, a rage, and a passion in Salieri to sabotage the boy that has secured Salieri’s deserved God given talent; to destroy the one pubescent child that has made him so mute and naked now in a world of discordance. Salieri’s entire reputation and boyhood prayer to attain fame thus rests on his ability to annihilate that child prodigy, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.In analyzing the two composers, Salieri and Mozart, there is a distinct line that clearly divides them. Salieri’s operas receive astounding receptions, making them the “talk of the city,'; shaking the roofs, buzzing the cafes, and even the name Sal ieri “sounds throughout all of Europe'; (2,3). The reason for Salieri’s success, as well as many musicians of the eighteenth century, is because they have become enslaved by the well-to-do and hence are “no better than servants'; (1,3). This applies especially to the king. For example, in Amadeus, His Majesty forbid any ballet in his operas. Imperial commands such as this are not to be interpreted in any way, in other words, they are to be merely obeyed without any dispute. Since operas tend to the needs of the high society in order to obtain recognition, the operas must communicate through the language of the nobility, that is, Italian. In addition, since the majority of the audience is made up of the upper class, the subject matter of the operas must consist of elevated themes. Such as, mythological heroes, kings, and queens, and so forth. According to the eighteenth century view, operas are supposed to be a sublime and an aggrandizing art. The elevated subject m atter is then chosen in order to venerate and honor the nobility. It’s purpose is to “celebrate the eternal in man'; says Van Swieten (2,4). Meaning that there is an element in a noble person that lasts without any end, like God who is immortal. God represents the everlasting and the eternality of existence, thus God gives inspiration to operas that... ...n do now is to die. And so he does. Although Mozart does suffer loss, the loss of his life and career, and is somewhat responsible for his downfall, he does not evoke sympathy or recognition. However, it is Salieri who contains all four elements of a tragic hero. Salieri loses practically everything he has faith in before Mozart appears. He suffers from the loss of dignity, esteem, and honor. Salieri also recognizes something he has never felt before, that is the “pain as I had never know it,'; (1,5), the pain from the beauty and delight of Mozart’s music. Thus, recognizing the limitations of his own talent, the mediocrity of his talent compared to the genius works of Mozart. He grows an awareness of disharmony in the universe that he has never encountered. Salieri clearly is culpable of his own tragedy. He is the Court Composer, his works are respected throughout Europe, and because he is not stupid, he does not say he is the better composer. Instead, he is the minor ity who actually appreciates Mozart’s music. There is definitely sympathy for Salieri, in that all human beings can work as hard as they want to at something and can still fail miserably.